Staining from fast food, associated with oil and grease, is one of the most serious problems for public spaces. Oil and tyre marks from vehicular traffic are an associated problem and chewing gum is a perennial curse.

Whilst none of these can be completely negated it is possible to provide an economical pavement protection and cleaning regime which can create a very noticeable and sustainable improvement.

One problem can be that sites are excessively cleaned during their service life and it is important that those charged with cleansing do not respond to a demand for spotlessness by increasing the severity and frequency of aggressive cleaning procedures; rendering the pavement super-vulnerable to fresh staining.